§19. Use of force or violence in defense

            A.(1) The use of force or violence upon the person of another is justifiable under either of the following circumstances:

            (a) When committed for the purpose of preventing a forcible offense against the person or a forcible offense or trespass against property in a person's lawful possession, provided that the force or violence used must be reasonable and apparently necessary to prevent such offense.

            (b)(i) When committed by a person lawfully inside a dwelling, a place of business, a church or other place of worship as defined in R.S. 13:5233.2, or a motor vehicle as defined in R.S. 32:1 when the conflict began against a person who is attempting, or who has made, an unlawful entry into the premises or motor vehicle as described in this Section, and the person using the force or violence reasonably believes that the use of force or violence is necessary to prevent the entry or to compel the intruder to leave the premises or motor vehicle.

            (ii) The provisions of this Paragraph shall not apply when the person using the force or violence is engaged, at the time of the use of force or violence in the acquisition of, the distribution of, or possession of, with intent to distribute a controlled dangerous substance in violation of the provisions of the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Law.

            (2) The provisions of Paragraph (1) of this Subsection do not apply where the force or violence results in a homicide.

            B. For the purposes of this Section, there shall be a presumption that a person lawfully inside a dwelling, place of business, church or other place of worship, or motor vehicle held a reasonable belief that the use of force or violence was necessary to prevent unlawful entry thereto, or to compel an unlawful intruder to leave the premises or motor vehicle, if both of the following occur:

            (1) The person against whom the force or violence was used was in the process of unlawfully and forcibly entering or had unlawfully and forcibly entered the dwelling, place of business, church or other place of worship, or motor vehicle.

            (2) The person who used force or violence knew or had reason to believe that an unlawful and forcible entry was occurring or had occurred.

            C. A person who is not engaged in unlawful activity and who is in a place where he or she has a right to be shall have no duty to retreat before using force or violence as provided for in this Section and may stand his or her ground and meet force with force.

            D. No finder of fact shall be permitted to consider the possibility of retreat as a factor in determining whether or not the person who used force or violence in defense of his person or property had a reasonable belief that force or violence was reasonable and apparently necessary to prevent a forcible offense or to prevent the unlawful entry.

            Acts 2006, No. 141, §1; Acts 2014, No. 163, §1; Acts 2026, No. 148, §2.